Ayrshire — 购买或出售

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History of the breed. Ayrshire cows are magnificent animals whose coat is characterized by a mottled coloration, including various shades of brown and reddish colors, which stand out particularly well on lighter areas. Often, the red color predominates in the coat of these cows, which may be interspersed with white spots. Ayrshire cows, originating from Scotland in Ayrshire County, represent a breed that was developed in the late 18th century by crossing local heifers with Dutch, Teeswater, and Alderney bulls. The goal of this process was to create a breed with high productivity. The idea proved successful, and by the mid-19th century, Ayrshire cows became popular. In 1845, the breed was introduced to Finland, where it was discovered to have a unique feature—excellent resistance to cold climates. This quality made Ayrshire cows particularly valuable, and today a large portion of the modern population of this breed is found in Finland, where there are about 140,000 head. Exterior. Ayrshire cows are compact in size: their height at the withers is approximately 125 cm, and their weight is around 450 kg. Bulls are larger, with a mass that can reach 700–800 kg. These animals have a harmonious build: a long and deep body, a straight and wide back, a narrow chest, and a brisket. The head is proportional to the body, with a wide muzzle. The legs are short but straight and strong. Ayrshire cows have strong hooves and well-developed musculature, allowing them to feel comfortable not only on plains but also in mountainous conditions. The rump of the cows is long and wide, especially in the area of the hooks and the ischial tuberosities. The udder is cup-shaped, elastic, and smooth, with a dense network of blood vessels. The teats are evenly developed, wide, conical or cylindrical in shape, and about 6 cm long. Housing conditions. These cows easily adapt to different housing conditions. In pastures, they independently find succulent feed. Recently, the Ayrshire breed has become increasingly sought after in organic livestock systems. It is particularly well-suited for the northern and eastern regions of the country, where the animals easily endure winter in unheated facilities. The main requirement is that the facility has good ventilation, water that does not freeze, and a thick layer of bedding. In some farms, Ayrshire cattle are kept under shelters year-round.

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Diet. In the summer, cows are fed fresh grass, which they receive in the pasture. In winter, their diet consists of hay enriched with vitamins and minerals. Ayrshires easily adapt to seasonal changes in nutrition. Even with a sparse diet, their milk yield does not decrease, but the quality of the milk may decline. The diet of cows consists of three parts: The main part includes hay, husks, straw, chaff, and bran in various proportions. The balancing feed consists of wheat, oats, cake, meal, and soybean meal. The combined feed consists of concentrates given in amounts of up to 3–4 kg per day. Fruits and vegetables are added to the diet as sources of vitamins: beets, carrots, cabbage, tops, and pumpkin. Potatoes and concentrates with high starch content can negatively affect milk quality. A small amount of silage and haylage is given, but ground chalk is added in the amount of 30–40 g.

物理参数

雄性体重: 110–135 公斤

雌性体重: 110–135 公斤

雄性身高: 700–800 厘米

雌性身高: 400–450 厘米

栖息地

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